Info
| Explore |
Work on this next! What do we know about plants from our experiences outside of school? What have we discovered in class and background research? What questions about plants interest us? |
|---|---|
| Research Question | What would contaminated water do to the germination of a seed? |
| Predictions | We think that the contaminated water will change the way it grows because the contaminated water does not have the nutrients that a seed needs to grow. |
| Experimental Design | What is our plan? Be sure to include enough detail that another group can replicate our experiment. What variables will we test? What variables will we measure and observe? What variables will we keep constant? How will we record our data? |
| Conclusion | What claim can we make from our experiment? What are possible explanations for our results? How do the data we collected and our reasoning with scientific ideas support our claim? What future experiments could be done to expand on the results of this experiment? |
| About this Project |
This team really surprised me, in the best way, and was such a delight to work with. They excelled in project design, conducting the experiments, communication with me and between themselves, and were extremely thoughtful in their questions and responses to my answers. They successfully... |
Updates
As this research project is now in the final stages of wrapping-up, we wish to thank everyone who participated in this inquiry; the students, mentors, teachers and others behind the scenes. We appreciate all of your efforts and contributions to this online learning community.
Scientific exploration is a process of discovery that can be fun! There are many unanswered questions about plants just waiting for new scientists to consider, investigate, and share.
After the end of the session, we will be updating the platform and archiving groups and projects, after which time new updates/posts will not be able to be added to projects or groups. Please come back and visit the PlantingScience Project Gallery anytime to view this project in the future. You can search the Gallery by keyword, team name, topic, or school name.
Good bye for now.
Warm regards,
The PlantingScience team
It’s great to see that teams from your school are wrapping up and posting conclusions. Enjoy the final stages of your project, and feel free to post any final comments or questions you have for your mentors.
Hi Watermelloons,
It looks like you had a great presentation! Congrats on completing a great experiment. I hope you learned a lot and enjoyed working with plants.
It's been a pleasure to work with you!
Angela
Dear Angela,
Thank you very much for helping me and my group better understand seed growth/germination. A expiramental error we had was in trail one we gave our seeds not enough bleach, cleaning detergent, and dirt.
Sincerly, Sky
Dear Angela,
We finished the experiment. one conclusion that we have is that plants do good with dirt in the water and they do good with normal water, but they do not grow well with bleach and detergent. They sort of get shriviled and purple but if they have a little bleach than it could get off the fuzz or mold, but it might get toxic. Some experimental errors were that the first seeds got too much water and too little bleach, dirt and detergent. One recommendation is do not water your seeds with bleach or detergent because it might kill the seeds, but you should water with dirt and water or only water.
Thanks so much
Stella
P.S sorry for typos
Hi Angela,
This is my last time that we get to talk and I had such a great time talking about germination! Thank you so so much for helping me with slides and ideas for our group. Our group learned that using things with chemicals in it can not always help your seed grow. the slide that i posted is our groups experimental errors slide, this slide shows all the things that we could have changed and things we did wrong in our experiment.
Sincerely Lola:)
Dear Angela,
We are now finishing our trail two experiment and we have noticed that in our trail two experiment that there is a lot less rapid growth than we saw in trail one. Trail three is also moving along pretty slow as well. Do you think you know why? Because we have been doing the same thing for all trails.
Sincerely, Sky
Sky,
Glad to hear you have made good progress on trial two and that the results are still different from trial one. Have other factors differed between trials one and two? Did one set of seeds/seedlings get more or less water or light or humidity... what are some ways that the trials are different, even if it happened unintentionally?
Dear Angela
We are going to make a line graph because it can track over time and they cna be not as confusing and they are organized. Also we are making more that one because we have 3 trails going/that went on. What type of graph do you think might be the best for showing the data? Also a question I have about the experiment is last time water and bleach were really good for the plant growth, but now they are doing good with sediment and dirt, why do you think this happened
Stella,
A line graph sounds great. You can make a line for each species or seed type... was that part of your plan?
Water and bleach last time vs. sediment/dirt this time... that is very interesting! I think it has to do with your replicates (see my post to Sky) telling you that your seeds can tolerate different conditions equally well and that there are some stochastic properties you are measuring and observing. This means that your results might be a bit random and that your replicates are important to help you figure out the trends.
Dear Angela,
We are on trial two and three right now and unlike last time where the seeds watered with water were growing faster, this time the seeds watered with dirt water have grown/germinated the most! In our second trail we saw that the seeds took longer to germinate than the first trail. So far all of the seeds in our third trail haven't grown that much. I predict that the third trail will take the longest to grow out of all three trails. The process of germinating seems to be going down as we go on even though we're doing the same thing. Is it possible for us to do the same thing but get different results?
Sincerly, Sky
Hi Sky!
That is so interesting about the dirt water... how are you making and using the dirt water?
It is possible that your seeds are a bit variable in their viability or their germinability.
I am glad to read that you are doing multiple trials or replicates. Replicates, as you probably know, are these independent trials you're doing. They require a precise process where the exact same findings are reexamined in the same way with identical design as the original research study, to test the robustness of your original findings.
That said, it is VERY possible to do the same thing and get different results. You are showing just how important replication is; you're doing science! Who knows what you might find. Now we need to come up with an explanation for why. Which is part of your most recent post.
Dear Angela,
After reviewing our data I noticed that when we watered the different seeds with cleaning detergent, water, bleach, and dirt water they all basically grew/germinated the same and didn’t look or seem unhealthy. At the beginning they were kind of moldy and gross but in the end they weren’t and went back to normal. Maybe the seeds watered with bleach and cleaning detergent grew so well because maybe bleach and cleaning detergent have nitrogen in them. I read that nitrogen encourages plant growth. Why does nitrogen encourage plant growth?
Sincerely, Sky
Hi Sky,
Nitrogen is an important component of our atmosphere and generally a small but very important component of our soil and water.
In plants, nitrogen is super important! Check it out: "Most plants take nitrogen from the soil continuously throughout their lives, and nitrogen demand usually increases as plant size increases. A plant supplied with adequate nitrogen grows rapidly and produces large amounts of succulent, green foliage. Providing adequate nitrogen allows an annual crop, such as corn, to grow to full maturity, rather than delaying it. A nitrogen-deficient plant is generally small and develops slowly because it lacks the nitrogen necessary to manufacture adequate structural and genetic materials. It is usually pale green or yellowish because it lacks adequate chlorophyll. Older leaves often become necrotic and die as the plant moves nitrogen from less important older tissues to more important younger ones." You can read more about the nitrogen cycle and plants use of nitrogen here: https://www.cropnutrition.com/efu-nitrogen
Hi Angela,
I am enjoying growing plants! I have noticed that in our data is not super full because not to much has happened to our seeds. I also noticed that the day like today and yesterday our seeds where doing best because it seemed like they grew so so much over the weekend. I also noticed that our seeds where moldy but now they are not moldy and they are smooth with no fuzz on them, do you know why the fuzz went away?
Sincerely Lola
Lola,
Just like us, plants have their own defense/immune systems and can fight off infections. Some fungi/mold aren't too harmful and don't kill the plant. They just might make it grow or germinate more slowly.
I'm not sure what your mold looked like, but if it looked like the mold discussed in this article, perhaps it might help! https://homeguides.sfgate.com/white-fungus-germinating-seeds-39004.html
Dear Angela,
Today was the second day of our experiment. Since yesterday, nothing much had changed. We put the seeds in the petri dishes, and watered them with their respective waters. I am really exited to see what they look like tomorrow. You said that the bleach killed the fuzz. Will the bleach do more to the plant than killing fuzz/mold?
When we looked at the water+cleaning detergent, we saw the water turn green from the cleaning detergent. Last trail, there was only little bubbles. Will this kill off more the bacteria because there is more water+cleaning detergent?
Matt
Dear Angela
This experiment taught us that bleach can be good for plants like it was one of the most germinated, tall one of the most/ second to get all the seeds sprouted at the start. The experiment taught us also that the ones with detergent and the ones with bleach are less moldy., It is more tall to have normal or bleach water were really germinated, and they would be taller. The ones with dtergent was sort of not as germinated and dirt was ok.
Stella
Dear Angela,
Today, we looked at our seeds, and they grew so much! but, we were all very surprised about there was not a lot of differences between the seeds. After a quick chat with our teacher, Sara, we decided to start a new trial. Since we didn't see much difference between each of the seeds, so we decided to use more cleaning detergent, to use more bleach, and to use more dirt. In our first trial, we saw the seeds watered with bleach grew the fastest. I think this because bleach is used in pre-ripening techniques. This morning when we saw the seeds, the seeds watered with water had grown the most over the weekend. I think this because they got the most nutrients out of the water. For our second trial/test, we decided to 200ml of water, + 20ml of cleaning detergent and bleach. For dirt/sediment, we decided to use 200 ml of water, and 20 g of dirt/sediment. In our first trial, our special substance was only 2.75% of liquid we used to water the seeds. but this time, it will be 11%. THIS 4 TIMES THE AMOUT OF OUR LAST TRIAL! I think this will make a greater impact on the seeds.
A question I have for you is, since we are using 4 times the amount of each substance, will it make a impact 4 times bigger?
Another thing we are doing is we are watering are seeds less. During our last experiment, we saw that the seeds were being flooded with water. We gave each petri dish 5 ml of water (we have 5 seeds in each petri dish) and it looked like it was too much water+substance. We decided to give each petri dishes 3 ml of water+substance. Is that the right call, or should we just water the seeds less?
Sincerely,
Matthew
Hi Matt,
It sounds to me like the bleach knocked out some of the mold spores that were naturally present on the outside of your seeds, and that ultimately may have given that treatment an advantage! If you can, give all of your seeds a strong rinse in water in a colander or something before you start your next trial. This might help wash off some of the mold spores for your next trial. Don't worry too much about them. Remember, mold, like all fungi, grow best in dark, humid environments... so there might not be a ton you can do. It sounds like everything grew anyway!
It sounds like you have a great plan; thanks for sharing all the details! I really enjoy seeing what you're doing. :)
I am not sure it will make the impact 4x bigger... that is an interesting question! You might be able to test that if you took height measurements of your first trial; you could compare heights between the trials and see. You might also need to grow the corn longer; maybe the second trial would result in 4x less seed set, for some treatments, for example.
Watering seeds a bit less is probably a good idea, too. 5 mL of water in a little dish sounds like a lot; I would just make sure they are evenly moist but not sitting in standing water.
Good job!
Hi Angela,
Today we started a new trial for our plant germination. We looked at our seeds and they seemed like they had grown a lot during the weekend even though we had not given them water. Maybe not giving them water all weekend was a good idea because they seemed like they grew more when we did not give them to much water. The seeds grew so much over the weekend! I think that something we learned was that we should give the seeds less water because it seemed like the seeds where drowning a bit and now that it is the second trial we can fix our mistakes and give them less water:))
Sincerely Lola:)))
Hi Lola,
Sounds good! It sounds like your corn hit a growth spurt while you were away! That's ok. It is probably totally normal. Are you enjoying growing plants? Isn't it amazing what can come out of a seed!?
Sounds like you are making good progress.
Dear Angela,
Today we were starting our next trail. Today something thtat was interesting was that they all grew, and some of them got into the wet paper like it was soil and they sort of stuck. THey also did not mold as much they were a little moldy were a litlle moldy where they were moldy before and a little bit ore fuzz but they are/ were doing well. One question is why did some of them mold more when they just sprouted? How long is an average time to grow/ sprout a seedling/sprout of corn?(to see if they are slowing down or are speeding up). Thanks
Hi Stella!
I think I answered the mold question below... check it out and let me know if that makes sense!
You can check out corn growth times here a bit, but remember that there are all kinds of cultivars. You could do a google search for your specific variety, if you know it.
Dear Angela,
Our expiriment is going well now, and it seems like all of the seeds with different waters (water, water and dirt, water and bleach, and water and cleaning detergent.) are growing fine accept the water and cleaning detergent which has grown shorter than the others. All the other seeds are growing fine and are pretty tall at this point. A question I have is are there some seeds that don't plant their fruit/tree they came from? like would a corn seed grow something other than corn? Another question I have is are there trees that come in other colors besides a white/brown trunk and green leaves like flowers?
Sincerly, Sky
Hi Sky,
Very cool! It sounds like you are noticing differences in germination AND now differences in how the various chemicals affect growth. Do you have any hypotheses why detergent might cause stunted growth?
Good questions! Seeds from one species (like corn) will always become corn. Lots of plants can hybridize, though. Sometimes the seeds from hybrid crosses (like, for example, between different species of oak trees) are viable and can make hybrid offspring. Many times, hybridization doesn't result in viable seeds. It can go either way!
There are many trees that have different colored trunks. Have you heard of the rainbow eucalyptus tree? It has all kinds of colors in it's bark: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_deglupta
Some maple species have green bark, and you might be familiar with dogwoods, some of which have red bark: https://www.whiteflowerfarm.com/61015-product.html?utm_medium=googleshopping&recrawl&source=6SG02&gclid=Cj0KCQjwpsLkBRDpARIsAKoYI8wId2R56LjigO-fhcQhyk_yj49yHtAyqrZ_gc46AGEI6_5NdY-EhuEaAnrvEALw_wcB
I'm sure there are a ton more examples for other colors of bark, too.
Dear Angela
The dirt might be okay for the plants because it is more natural. But the bleach might be okay because we watched a video and they said that spraying bleach on it is good to help get them out of the shell. But it might die because all the drink is bleach water and that is not really natural. The bleach and detergent seems to be doing good but the other ones are might be moldy and they are fuzzy. A lot of them are sprouting or about to sprout like starting to break of the shell and they look like white stems. Do you know why they might be fuzzy? Thanks
Hi Stella (& Lola, too!),
Bleach and detergent are probably killing off some naturally occurring mold around the outside of your seeds. In low concentrations, bleach and detergent are probably not too inhibitory to plant growth and in this case, they seem like they might be beneficial for your plants!
The fuzz on the outside of seeds is probably mold. Mold is a type of fungus, and the spores were probably present without you noticing them. Fungal growth occurs through structures known as hyphae, or those hairy/stringy looking structures. These help the organism obtain nutrients and water. See here: https://www.britannica.com/science/fungus/Growth
So, the mold is competing with your seeds for resources! Very interesting.
Dear Angela,
An expiramental error we're facing right now is that our seeds are molding they're smelling weird and we are wondering if it's normal becuase maybe it's decomposing?
Sincerly, Sky
Hi Sky,
If your seeds are moldy, it could be because they are too wet and warm, or because they just weren't that clean when you started the experiment. Do you have additional seeds you could try? I recommend giving them a rinse first and trying again, if you can.
If you can't, can you change the papers or container the seed is in?
Hi Angela,
My group and i started or experiment 4 day ago and our seed just started to get out of of he seed coat. we noticed that the seed was molding, do you now why the seed is molding? or why it started molding out of nowhere?
Sincerely Lola
Dear Angela,
Today we were working on the document and we started to plan what we are going to do tomorow. We are going to start soaking seeds tomorow. We decided that we were going to use chlorine, dirt/sediment, and cleaning supplies in different ones. We tried to make more of a procedure but we have to finish that tomorow. Thanks for reading.Sorry for misspellings.
Hi Stella,
Ok, sounds interesting! How do you think chlorine, sediments, and cleaners will affect growth and why?
Dear Angela,
Yesterday, we started our experiment. Our independent variable was What Will Happen if we Water Seeds with Contaminated Water. We did not see anything happen yet, but it is just day 1.
Sincerely,
Matt
Hi Matt,
That sounds more like a research question than an independent variable... Remember, the independent variable is the variable whose change isn’t affected by any other variable in the experiment.
Based on that, what are you measuring, what are you adding/doing, and which variable(s) are dependent or independent?
Dear Angela,
Today in class, the Watermeloons and I chose to use the rye grass because it germinates at 60-75°. Room temperature is roughly 59 to 77 °F, so we didn't think it would be the best seed to use for this project. and, since rye grass can grow pretty tall, we could see the most changes when we add the chemicals.
sincerely,
Matt
Hey Matt,
So you are using rye grass? Or not? I am confused by your message. What chemicals will you be using? How do you think those will affect germination?
Dear Angela,
A question I have about chemicals hurting plants/seeds is are there chemicals that are non-man-made that can harm plants? Another question I have is can certain plants adapt to certain conditions with certain chemicals? I know some insects can do this. Some advice that would be helpful for our experiment is: will the spacing between seeds affect the results? Because we are looking at seeds that have been watered with contaminated water and seeds that have been watered with regular water and maybe the spacing could alter our results.
Sincerely, Sky
Hi Sky,
I think your team might need to narrow down what you mean by contamination in contaminated water... could you be more specific?
Dear Angela
Some things that I have learned about our seed (corn), is that it has to have 50 degrees or more. That means that it probably evolved in a warmish place that is sort of cold. Also mold can grow and it can absorb water contaminated water and they can go bad. The water can get contaminated because of factories, mining, roads, and sewage. Corn is something that grows in a field and those sometimes will because sediment to go into the rivers because the soil is loose, there also might be sediment in the corns water.
Stella
Dear Angela,
Yesterday we started our expiriment. I have learned that even with contaminated water, plants will still fight over it and have chemical warfare over the water if resources are low. I also learned that some chemicals like nitrogen actually help plants grow.
Dear Angela,
We started our experiment and I was thinking about what had happened over night when we let our seed soak in water, but i noticed that the corn we were using did not change that much during the time we soaked it over night. I was also thinking about how we put bleach in one of our waters so that we could see what would happen but, i think that the bleach will really change what the germination looks like. What do you think will happen to the germination if we let bleach soak in to the seed?
Sincerely, Lola:))))
Dear Angela,
Today in class, we chose the types of contaminated water to water our seeds with. we are using water with 5 ml of chlorine, water with 5 ml of cleaning detergent, and water with 5 g of dirt. We chose to use chlorine and cleaning detergent because on both of them, they have a lot of chemicals. we chose to use dirt because we learned that plants that live underwater, do not grow as well, and the plants could die.
Thank you!
Matt
Hi Angela,
Today in class we soaked our seeds in water. yesterday we finished our procedure, and I believe that we did follow our procedure because because while we where working my group had our procedure open so that we could follow it while we where working on it. a problem we had was that one of my team members thought that we were soaking the seeds we were using in contaminated water and I thought that we were going to water our seed the contaminated water, so.... that was not to great, but we figured it out:)
Thank you Lola:))
Dear Angela,
A question I have is are there plants that don't need sunlight or are somehow nocturnal like they only sprout up at night? Another question I have is are there other under water plants besides algae and if so how do they not die from too much water or not enough sunlight?
Sincerely, Sky
Dear Angela
Today we sort of started our experiment, we started to soak the seeds and make observations and take pictures of the seeds. We took notes. We sort of stuck to the procedure, we soaked tthe seeds in fresh water. Not like 4 differents types and then we have 5 for each and not 3. Mostly it was prep.
Thanks
Dear Angela
Today we sort of started our experiment, we started to soak the seeds and make observations and take pictures of the seeds. We took notes. We sort of stuck to the procedure, we soaked tthe seeds in fresh water. Not like 4 differents types and then we have 5 for each and not 3. Mostly it was prep.
Thanks
Dear Angela
Today we sort of started our experiment, we started to soak the seeds and make observations and take pictures of the seeds. We took notes. We sort of stuck to the procedure, we soaked tthe seeds in fresh water. Not like 4 differents types and then we have 5 for each and not 3. Mostly it was prep.
Thanks
Sorry for sending like 3 times.
Dear Angela,
Today we were working on the document and we started to plan what we are going to do tomorow. We are going to start soaking seeds tomorow. We decided that we were going to use chlorine, dirt/sediment, and cleaning supplies in different ones. We tried to make more of a procedure but we have to finish that tomorow. Thanks for reading.Sorry for misspellings.
Dear Angela,
During class, the Watermeloons and I thought up of some questions. One question we have is, will the contaminated water kill the seed, will it alter the seed germination, or will there be no change whatsoever? Another Question we have is if the seed survives the germination, will it be shorter or have less leafs?
sincerely,
Matt
Matt,
Those are all great questions and things you can and should measure when you begin your experiment! Again; I think it depends on what you treat the seeds with. Keep me posted!
Dear Angela,
Today in class, we chose our independent variable. It was to give the seed contaminated water, instead of fresh water. We think that the seed germination will be altered because the seed will not be able to get the nutrients from the water. Will this alter the seed germination, or will it just die?
sincerely,
Matt
Hi Matt,
It depends on the contamination, I think. Will you use acid? What else are you thinking of using?
Dear Angela,
My team has decided to expirement the question: how would contaminated water affect the germination of a seed? This question interests be because I want to know what things that contaminate the water make it harmful to seeds. Aren’t there things that contaminate the water that don’t affect seeds? I know that with people some contaminants to sickness and other things is good for you because you grow an immunity to it but is it like that with seeds? I have learned that there is much more that goes on below the soil before the plant goes out through the ground to the top like how first it needs to spread it’s roots really far and the actual plant (like the Lima bean for example) comes out of the main seed/pocket. I also learned that there are ways to help the seed and speed up the process of the embryo turning into a plant.
Sincerely,Sky
Hi again,
I think the type of contamination definitely matters. There are some chemicals or metals or types of pollution that are more harmful to life than others, for sure! This article describes a few different categories: https://education.seattlepi.com/water-pollution-affect-plants-life-cycle-4815.html
I think some seeds might be able to tolerate some contaminants at certain concentrations... but the threshold at which it will be harmful probably differs for each contamiant and based on each species.
Roots are totally amazing! I'm glad you're learning so much about plants; they are so important to our lives in so many ways.
Dear Angela,
Today in science my team and I worked on our doc for planning our expirament and wrote a hypothesis. In this expirament our consistants will be: the soil and the contaminated water. A question I have is can plants like trees ever die if they’re given everything they need like water, soil, and sun? Something else i’m Wondering is are there plants that don’t need soil to grow? For example you could grow it on concrete or metal.
sincerly, Sky
Sky,
Even in perfect conditions, trees can still die from pathogens/diseases and other things. And, some plants just don't live as long as others, so they can be constrained by that, too.
There are plants that don't need soil! They're called epiphytes and often live ON other plants! Isn't that weird? They are most common in warm, tropical areas. Check it out: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphyte
Hi Angela,
My team and i have made our decision about our question, our question is, what would contaminated water do to the germination of a seed? I was wondering what is in contaminated water that can harm the seed while it is germinating? i was also wondering about how much water do you need to water the seed everyday?
I have a dog to but his name is Lenny, what is your dog like?
Sincerely, Lola
Hi Lola,
I think it would depend on what the contamination is. Stella mentioned you might be using acidic water... you could think about what something like acid rain does to plants. Check out this article: https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/stories/acid-rain-what-causes-it-and-what-effects-does-it-have
Are you thinking about other types of contamination?
Depending on the seed type, you will need to keep the soil damp while it's young and growing. If you water it a little at a time, you might need to add water each day. If you notice the soil is very wet; you might want to water a bit less or every other day.
My dog, Mattie, is very energetic! She loves to run and jump on things and over things; she's a little wild. :)
Dear Angela
Yes it makes sense. Thank you.The one that is unchanged and will not be affected by the acidic water will probably germinate faster be healthier because it will be getting all the nutrients and will probably not be poisoned. Because people and animals can get sick so the plants might get sick or slow. The plant I think might be average like one that could grow out side.
Stella
Hi Stella,
Does that mean the poisoned water you'll use is acidic water? Do you have a reason for selecting acid? What kind of acid will you use?
Very interesting! Keep me posted.
Dear Angela,
We are deciding to see what would would happen if we added contaminated water and how it would effect plant growth. Some dependent variables are how the plant reacts to the water and how it grows and germinates. We might use corn and rye grass because they are pretty different in size, shape and the rye grass needs to be 70- 90 degrees and the corn is just 50 degrees to germinatte. Hope you have a great week.
Stella,
That sounds really great! So you have corn and rye grass seeds and you'd like to grow them and treat them with contaminated water. What will the water be contaminated with? This sounds very interesting to me!
I think you also need to consider what your control group might be. If you are testing the effects of contaminated water, you might also need to grow some seeds without the contaminated water, too. Does that make sense?
Keep me posted!
I was not in class today. So I do not have a question yet. But I have some I ideas one question that I might have is what would happen if you made it warm and it dropped or if it was cold and the temperature got warmer? Maybe we could see what would happen if there was to much or to little light. Another idea is what would happen if there were lots of seeds and lots of water, a little water and an average amount of water for a few seeds. We could see how the plantscompete for the nutrience because I still do not know how they all compete for the water and sunshine and food. What do you think about these ideas? Thanks
Hi Stella,
I think changing temperatures are ok for some species. Think about springtime, when it is often colder at night and warmer during the day; many plants and seeds can tolerate those changes pretty well. Sometimes drastic changes in temperature like this on a daily cycle can help to break dormancy in plants.
I think an experiment where you might test competition sounds very interesting! I like your ideas on that topic so far. What does your group think?
Dear Angel,
One thing I learned today was that plants compete with each other to get nutrients, water, and living space. one way they do this is they use chemicals. what chemicals do they use?
sincerely,
Matt
Hi Matt,
Different species of plants that use chemicals to ward off or inhibit the growth of other nearby plant competitors can use all kinds of molecules to do so. The one I know best is in Black Walnut trees. The roots of the trees produce juglone which inhibits almost anything from growing underneath the trees. This allows all the nearby water and nutrients to be used almost exclusively by the tree and prevents competition for resources.
Check it out: https://www.extension.iastate.edu/news/2005/jul/070701.htm
Hi Angela,
I like to go to Stinson, Muir beach and ocean beach. what beaches do you like to go to?
what are some hobbies you have or stuff you like to do in your free time?
Sincerely, Lola
Hi Lola,
I have never heard of those beaches! I will have to keep them in mind. The last beach I went to was in Florida, near Sarasota. I have family there. I also like to go to Chincoteague Island, Virginia sometimes. It's a very nice spot that's not too far away from where I live for a nice trip. In my free time, I like to read, cook, and hike with my dog Mattie. :)
Hi Angela,
My team and I have decided our question to be what would contaminated water do to the germination of a seed? My group and I choose this because we thought it would be very interesting to see what would happen if we watered the plant with contaminated water. half of my group was not here for the decision because they where not here but we ended up choosing by a game of rock, paper, scissors because we did not know what to choose:) i also wanted to tell you that my group and I have done a lot of research about what is in contaminated water and what it might do to the germination:)
Sincerely, Lola
Team Name: Watermeloons
Dear Angela
Hello! My name is Matt, I am the 6th grade, and I really like to surf and play lacrosse. I like to play with my dog, murphy, too. I really enjoyed the chemistry unit we had this year, and I really enjoy architecture projects.
I learned that you need sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water as reactants for photosynthesis, and they rearrange into oxygen, and glucose. I find the way this works fascinating.
A question I have for you is, how does the Cotyledon holds/stores food?
Sincerely,
Matt
Hi Matt!
Cool! I don't know how to surf or play lacrosse, but both sound like fun outdoor activities... I'm ready and excited for spring and warm weather to come to Pennsylvania! Murphy is a great dog name, too.
The chemistry of photosynthesis is very cool, I agree. The way photosynthesis is basically the reverse reaction of cellular respiration is very elegant. Cotyledons (and other structures that store sugars, like fruits and tubers) store photosynthate as starches and the embryo is able to activate and use those starches, which break down into sugars, during early development. Those sugars are used up as energy via cellular respiration. All of this is especially true before the first true leaves come out and start making new sugars via photosynthesis.
Hope that makes sense!
Dear Angela,
what is your favorite activity to do in the spring?
sincerely,
matt
Hi Angela,
I wanted to talk to you about what i want to do for my project in class where we will be changing how the seed could grow. My idea for this was that maybe me and my team could water the plants with salt water and see what would happen to the germination if we put salt water and not normal mineral water. Another thing i was thinking about was maybe me and my team could change the water temperature and instead of watering the plant with normal room temperature water we could give it warm water or very cold water and see how it would grow or even if it would grow. My last idea that i had was that my team could see what would happen if you used artificial light to let the plant grow instead of using the light from the sun we could use a lamp of some sort. What do you think about these ideas? Do you have any suggestions for me and how i could accomplish these things?
Sincerely, Lola :))))
Dear Angela,
Today, I learned about the 5 steps of seed germination. it is really interesting a question I have for you is, how does gravitropism work?
sincerely,
Matt
Hey Matt,
Gravitropism works very differently in roots and shoots. It is super interesting, but fairly complicated... certain cells sense gravity and plant use hormones to respond.
You can read more about it here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitropism
dear Angela ,
Thank you so much for the link! I have learned so much already.
Sincerely,
Matt
dear Angela ,
Thank you so much for the link! I have learned so much already.
Sincerely,
Matt
dear Angela ,
Thank you so much for the link! I have learned so much already.
Sincerely,
Matt
dear Angela ,
Thank you so much for the link! I have learned so much already.
Sincerely,
Matt
Dear Angela,
Today in class I learned that temperature does matter when plant are growing. For example some plant require a period of time where the temperature is 40 degrees F or lower. I also learned that some plants need at least a 50-60 degree F in order to germinate. A question i have about the effect of germination is, if seeds did not have competition than would some seeds have to die or what would happen?
Sincerely, Lola.
Hi Lola,
If there was no competition for the young plants, most of them might survive so long as they have enough resources (access to light, water, and nutrients). If there are competitors (other seedlings very close by, other plant species close by, or even a fungus or an animal), that would certainly affect whether the seedlings would survive after they germinate, especially if the competitors cause shade to be cast on the seedlings and cause not much light or space to be available, use up the water, and/or use up the available nutrients.
Dear Angela
We were learning about seed germaiation. One thing that I learned is that some plants need a extreme change in temperature at day and at night like for some of them it has to drop or go up 18 degrees. One question I have is how do people get this information about plants and germanation like what does the temperature have to be
Thanks for responding
Hi Stella,
That's great that you're learning about germination! Will you be starting seeds in your class?
Lots of scientists have collected data through a variety of experiments over the years; I bet there have been many trials where a scientist or a team of scientists have grown seeds under different environmental conditions and found that only certain climates allow germination to occur.
Isn't that interesting? Another way to get information about this might be to investigate and understand the climate to which a species is native. Knowing that potato relatives are native to the Andes might make us think that temperatures like those during the growing season in the Andes might also be good for the relatives of those species.
Sorry for typos
Dear Angela
One thing that I learned about germination is the plant will sprout depending on the amount of water the temperature and the food. One question I have for you is what happens in extreme weather like if it was really hot or cold?
Thanks Stella
Hi Stella,
If it is really hot or cold, the seeds probably won't germinate. Or, if germination does occur, the young plants won't survive too long.
Dear Angela,
One thing I learned about germination today was that seeds don't need sunlight or light and it's only plants that need light to survive.
One question I still have about germination is how do plants like cactuses grow from seeds in places where there is little or no water like a dessert?
sincerely, Sky
Hi Sky,
Different cactus species have different requirements, but in general, seeds will only germinate when it is warm enough and wet enough. Not too wet or too warm, but some kind of a moderate amount.
You can read more about barrel cactus seed germination here: https://homeguides.sfgate.com/barrel-cactus-germination-71020.html
Dear Angela,
Today in class i learned that Photomorphogenesis is when the seed gets light and starts changing like, turning green and producing leaves.
another question i have is what would happen is plant did not get water but did get light and CO2?
Hey Lola,
Most plants, especially little ones, would die very quickly without water!
Dear Angela,
I'm Lola and i am in Sara's 6th grade science class. I enjoy going to the sunny beach and surfing with my friends. I like to learn about dissecting the seeds we get to see what is going on inside the seed and learning about it too. I also love to learn about the parts of the seeds and what they do to help the seeds.
I have learned in class that seeds have embryo to help them grow. I have also learned that seeds can come in all different shapes and sizes and colors. I also learned that different fruits have different seeds and some fruits have one seed or hundreds of seeds.
I have a question about plants,why do some plants have one seed like a avocado and some have hundreds of seeds like a kiwi why does it matter how many seeds?
Sincerely,
Lola
Hi Lola!
I sure am missing the beach today. I woke up and it's cold and there is (still) snow on the ground. What beaches do you like to go to?
Seeds are super fascinating! They are basically a little house and a little food source for that embryo inside of it. Seeds are very much alive and kind of dormant... until the conditions are just right. Fruits are one of my favorite things to think about. I am still surprised by the diversity present in the flowering plant kingdom, almost every day! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit
I think your question about seed number is really interesting and important. Some plants invest A LOT of energy into making sure their offspring have the best start available to them. Avocado trees make single seeded fruits that are full of fats and oils; things that help the embryo have a fighting chance at a good life. Well, each Avocado tree makes only a few hundred or so Avocados each year because those Avocados are a significant energy sink and time investment. On the other hand, think of the kiwi; this kind of plant produces hundreds of seeds per fruit and many more fruits. BUT the seeds are tiny and not as nutritious. They aren't maybe giving each embryo the best ever fighting chance at survival, BUT they are producing lots of chances for each reproduction event to be successful. There is a trade off between large nutritious seeds and small less nutritious ones.
I hope that quick description makes sense.
My team: Watermelloon
Dear Angela,
Hi! My name is Sky one thing I enjoy doing is playing videogames with my friends. And one thing I enjoy doing in science is taking things apart and seeing how they operate and work.
One thing I’ve learned about plants is they all have the same cells like Stomata no matter they’re shape or size. Another thing I’ve learned about plants is that they absorb light and it is one of the most important things they need to survive. A question I have about plants is what determines the time until the seed will evolve into a full grown plant?
Sincerely,
Sky
Hi Sky!
Nice to 'meet' you. I also like videogames... but mostly cheesy ones like Mario Kart and stuff like that. Glad you like science, too. That's awesome!
That is a good question, and one that could be thought about a few different ways. Seeds take time to grow into full grown plants (I'm not using the word evolve as evolving implies changes over multiple generations) depending on a lot of factors. Much of it depends on the life history of each species. Some species, let's say spinach here, grow and do their thing all in a couple of months. You plant seeds, little leaves come up, then bigger stems, then they make flowers, and those eventually become fruits that produce seeds (if you don't eat them first!). Plants that do all that in a growing season can be thought of as annuals. The opposite of annuals are perennials. Perennials take their time; let's say you plant a maple tree. This year, the maple tree might come up and get a few inches tall and make a few leaves... it might take 5 or 10 or more years for that single plant to become full grown and make flowers and fruits! So, a lot of what determines how much time it takes for a seed to become a full grown plant depends a lot upon life history and what it's relatives do. Remember, all plant species are related in some ways to other plants species. Spinach, for example, is more closely related to Carnations than to a Maple tree. Spinach and Carnations are annuals while the Maple tree is a perennial.
Does that make sense or answer your question?
Team Name: Watermeloons
Dear Angela,
Hi, I am Stella. I am in 6th grade. One thing that I enjoy doing is skiing in the winter with my family. Another thing that I enjoy doing is making models of things.
One thing that I learned about leafs is that the leaves have tiny holes that are called stomata, that are surrounded by guard cells that close the stomata. Another thing that we learned about seeds is that they are first embryos.
One question I have is what happens if there is a lot of CO2 in the air or oxyge in the air near the plant what would happen.
Sincerely,
Stella
Hi Stella!
Nice to 'meet' you. Skiing is a great hobby and one that I wish I was better at! I hope you've enjoyed some snow this winter.
Stomata are really amazing structures. Think of them kind of like being pores in your skin but also the 'lungs' of the plant! They are the pores that allow the plant to do gas exchange during respiration and photosynthesis. When those pores are open, if there is a lot of CO2 in the air, the CO2 would be allowed in as one of the inputs to photosynthesis. If there is a lot of O2 in the air, that could be interesting, because then O2 could get in and also take the place of CO2. I don't know if you know about Rubisco or all the details of photosynthesis yet, but Rubisco is an enzyme that fixes CO2... but it can also fix O2, which can cause what is known as photorespiration. Check it out: http://bio1510.biology.gatech.edu/module-3-molecules-membranes-and-metabolism/10-c4-plants/