HTHS Team #16 - The Effect of Vortexing on the...
- Project reviewer
Joined 25 Sep 2016
Project by group hthsrochefall2016project
Info
Explore | Not many of us have worked with plants outside of school, and none of us have had any extensive experience. A member of our group has done some gardening work, and has previously worked with Wisconsin Fast Plants in middle school. We have discovered from research that Wisconsin Fast Plants... |
---|---|
Research Question | Research Question: Does vortexing of Wisconsin Fast Plant seeds affect their growth rates? We are studying/experimenting to see if the growth of Wisconsin fast plants are affected by a "vortex" treatment performed on the seeds prior to planting. Our vortex treatment consists of using a vortex... |
Predictions | Our hypothesis is that if Wisconsin fast plant seeds were vortexed with sand, then those seeds would grow faster than if they had been vortexed with only other seeds, which would grow faster than seeds that had not been vortexed at all; however it is possible that the seeds may grow at different... |
Experimental Design | Our plan is to record information on when the fast plants appear above the soil. Three groups of 12 seeds, one group previously vortexed, another group vortexed with sand, and another group with no vortex treatment, were planted. One of each group was planted in each of 12 film canister. A... |
Conclusion | The average time it took for the seeds to sprout did not vary greatly between the different groups, and the range of the sprouting times was slightly less than three and a half hours. Furthermore, 4.5 seeds from the control, 5.5 from the seed vortex, and 2 from the sand vortex group sprouted... |
About this Project |
Updates
Thank you for the thoughtful notes! I really enjoyed this experience and mentoring such a great group of engaged young scientists! I also am very impressed with your final report. Good luck with all of your future endeavors.
Happy Thanksgiving Ms. ArchMiller! (http://dl.glitter-graphics.com/pub/3525/3525861zqw6rbfja5.gif)
So it's Thanksgiving today, and we've also finally finished our entire report:) Today's the day when we're supposed to give thanks to everything we are thankful for. I am extremely thankful for having you as our mentor along the way, and I truly appreciate the time and thought you put into our experiment. Even though this may seem trivial in the grand scheme of things, it's really the little things that make us happy:) We are so fortunate to have gotten such a helpful mentor.
You are such an inspiration, and I could only dream to do the amazing things you have accomplished. I wish you the best with your family and career. Hope you have a great Thanksgiving!
Couldn't thank you enough,
Brianna
Hey Ms. ArchMiller,
I guess the end of this project is our goodbye, but before parting ways, I want to tell you how grateful we all are for your assistance (fitting, isn't it, since Thanksgiving is tomorrow?). Thanks for being the greatest mentor we could ask for! You were responsible, reliable, and reassuring the whole time through, and even though our plants all withered and died, I know that we learned invaluable tactics and gained incredible experiences along every step of the way. With the support of our team members, and of course our amazing mentor, my experience with PlantingScience has been an unforgettable journey. We appreciate all the time and effort that you have devoted to our project, and we're very thankful for you. :)
All the best,
Emily.
Hi Ms. Archmiller,
We uploaded our final report for this experiment in the project files, titled HTHS_Team16_Report.
On behalf of our team, thank you so much for being the best mentor, and helping us along the way. :)
At this point, we are just looking at sprouting times for the plant; so when the plant can first be seen above the soil, we record the time.
Our plants did not develop properly (two potential reasons are lack of proper lighting, low temperatures), and none of them even have true leaves yet, despite the fact that some are several centimeters tall. In addition, it seems that quite a few of them did not even sprout, and some died quite early into their life span.
What do you mean by "lack of proper lighting"? I know we had a lamp above the experiment, but the experiments set up in our classroom had lamps directly overhead, and the lighting was probably also more concentrated/powerful. Or is it a different type of lighting that was used, or did the overhead lamp that we used light only some of the plants and not all?
I feel that the plants of other groups were given a lot more room to grow, and we planted three seeds per canister, which is, like, 1/3 of the space that the other teams' seeds had. Could this also be a reason that our plants mostly grew "up" and not "wide" (i.e. they don't have true leaves and are very thin and feeble)?
I also thought that Fast Plants are very versatile and can grow in many different conditions. Does Mr. Roche or someone know the temperatures of the research lab? There are other experiments taking place in there too, some of which probably also involving plants, so I don't know if low temperatures really affected the growth of our plants that much. Did we perhaps do something wrong in our procedure that hindered the growth, or is it simply an accumulation of all these possible factors?
Emily - For lack of proper lighting, I meant that we only used a small circular lamp, whereas the other groups in Mr. Roche's room had fluorescent lights that stretched across many groups. In addition, the temperature was lower in the research lab, so that would make the growth slower. However, I think that you're right in that the main reason that our plants did not develop properly was the lack of space that they were given. Another problem may have been the wicks that we used; we reused wicks from a previous experiment, and it is possible that they were not sufficient in soaking the soil with water.
Hi Ms. Archmiller,
Currently, to give you an update, our group is working on our lab report for this experiment. Hopefully we can communicate the data to you soon. Do you think measuring the data in hours would be an appropriate measurement?
Hours would be appropriate since you used half hour time lapse images. Looking forward to seeing the results!
Are there video editing programs to draw a line across the video screen where the desired height above the soil (represented by the tick marks on the skewers) would be? That way, it would be much easier to see when the plants reached that height. Or are some soil levels higher/lower than others? I don't really remember if we tried to make all soil levels exactly the same...
Also, this response is a little late, so has data been collected yet or are we still looking for ways to measure growth?
There are programs available to record what's happening on a screen as a video, so maybe you could upload all the images and record yourself scrolling through them.
Also, if it's a little hard to see the exact moment the plant reached a certain height, maybe we could start from a place where it's obvious where the plant is and go back frame by frame, keeping your eyes on the plant, until you see the single frame where it reached x centimeters.
I'll work on uploading the pictures somewhere... it's probably a few hundred pictures and I just scrolled through them to simulate a video. We should meet up during school and look at the pictures, and I'll try to upload them for Ms. Archmiller.
Since this is a video of a video, it's a little hard to see clearly... is there any way to upload the actual video onto here? Or if that might be too inconvenient, does the actual time-lapse video appear clearly enough for us to know when the plants germinated or reached a certain height? (I mean, that's all that we need for our data.)
Hi all,
Thanks for keeping me up-to-date on everything. Couple thoughts:
- If I recall the original hypothesis, you all expected that by vortexing the plants, you may help break down the seed coat, thus allowing faster water uptake and germination relative to the control plants that had intact seed coats. To test that hypothesis, I personally think that you should try and use the time-lapse cameras to tell when each plant germinated. Or in the case of time-lapse, when the first visible sign of germination was present.
- In addition to "when you first detected germination" you could also include a rate of growth (for example, time to grow 3 cm) as an additional dependent variable, but I am most interested in knowing if seed coat destruction affected germination.
- Also, if you test for germination as your main dependent variable, you don't have to worry about the plant that fell over or redoing the experiment again.
- First step will be to record your data. Secondly, you can calculate average and standard deviation of your dependent variables for each treatment group, then you can start to try and make conclusions.
I don't think our time-lapse camera could see when each plant germinated through the soil, so we were planning on seeing when we could first see the plant--basically, when it first broke through the soil.
Selena - I think that's what Mrs. ArchMiller meant. As in, we will use whenever we can detect germination through the soil.
Right- I'm pretty sure that the plants grew to at least 3 cm before becoming lopsided or toppling over. That way, we can measure when germination can be detected through the soil, and when it reaches a certain height (to calculate approximate growth rate) around 3 cm, and anything that happens to the plants after that won't matter anymore.
Hi all -
Today, several of us checked on the plants again. Most of them were lopsided/dying, and Mr. Roche told us that it was most likely due to our weak light source. I took out the SD card and watched the time lapse of our plants. I uploaded a video of what the time lapse looks like. Ms. Archmiller - do you think the video is clear enough to collect data for when the seeds first germinated/sprouted? The time for the time lapse camera starts on the wrong day/year (it says something along the lines of November 2011), but I can still see the seeds germinating. It is a bit grainy and unclear, though. What do you guys think?
As long as we have a clear view of the seed germination, I think it should be fine. We should try and record the data from the video first to see.
It looks like you'll be able to at least estimate when germination happened through the soil. I'm excited to hear about the results once you analyze the data! Good job everyone!
Hey guys,
When should we plan to check the time lapse camera? I'm sure that its battery died/SD card was used up by now, but I don't really know the procedure for checking the card. We could stop in the research lab and bring the card to the nearby CIM lab and check it there. What do you guys think?
Hi - this is the progress of the growth as of 11/3. If the time lapse camera doesn't work, or the data looks funny due to errors in our method, Mr. Roche said that we could redo the experiment. What do you guys think? We have around 20 more days, and it took about a week to perform this.
Also, I'm a bit confused about our operational definition - would rate of sprouting/growth just be the average of the growth each day, or is there a more precise way to measure the rate?
Is it 20 more days for just the experiment part or for finishing the entire thing? If it's the first one, we should be able to do it, but if it's the second, I guess it depends on what else we have to do after this (observations, conclusions, and anything else). Also, I'm not really sure about our operational definition either. According to Mr. Roche, it would be hard to use the time-lapse to figure out exactly when the plants crossed a certain point, so I'd say we should probably decide once the experiment is over and we can look at the data from the camera.
I think it's 20 days to finish the entire thing. But the "entire thing" basically means to finish those simple observation and conclusion questions. I don't think it would take us that long to complete.
If we can't figure out exactly when the plants crossed a certain point, maybe we could just use the total height of the plant at the end.
Because we still aren't sure of how to operate the time lapse camera, redoing the experiment may not be the best idea. In addition, with the plant setup that we have, I don't think that there is an angle at which there'd be no distortion, especially for the plants furthest away. Therefore, I think that we should just go with the data that we have right now. I am afraid that if we do the experiment over again, we'd end up with the exact same problems (or maybe even more) than we had to begin with. If we can, however, find a good angle for the time lapse camera, a second experiment could be viable.
Sorry that it's sideways... don't know how to fix that. As you can see, our plants have actually grown quite a bit, some of them already at 5 cm (where we drew the last tick marks on the sticks)! I haven't seen them since they were planted, so I guess we can only use the time-lapse camera to determine their growth rate.
The other teams in our class/grade gave the plants more... sideways room when they planted them. Their plants have much wider leaves but are also quite short. Our plants are taller than most others that I've seen, yet the leaves are pretty tiny. Does this have to do with the amount of horizontal space that the seeds were given?
The plants look good! It's more likely that you have smaller leaves and taller plants because the light quality and amount reaching the seedlings is better for photosynthesis (i.e., photosynthesis efficiency is higher) than the other groups. When plants are grown in shady conditions, for example, they tend to grow wider leaves that can capture more sunlight than other plants in more full sunlight conditions. That's just a thought. I'm hopeful that your time-lapse photography worked!
Mr. Roche was a little surprised that our plants have not sprouted yet. He said that the room conditions may be a little cool, which will slightly slow down germination. We planted on Wednesday, 10/26. Should we be concerned that we have not seen germination yet? Thanks.
Hey Mary (and others),
I don't think it's that worrisome that we haven't seem germination yet, since only one team in our class saw germination the day after planting. It's been 2 days after planting for us, which is still a reasonable time for the plants to not be sprouting. (Also, they might have germinated, but we might not be able to see it above the soil yet...?) If we still do not see germination/sprouting on Monday, that might be a problem, since these are "fast" plants...but maybe the relatively cold temperature of the research lab, compared to the environment that the other projects are in, has something to do with that.
Where is everyone else planting?
Hi Ms. Archmiller,
Most other groups are planting in our biology classroom. There's probably about one other group also planting in the research lab, and I'm not sure if they've seen results yet either.
Any sprouts yet?
During the planting process, I accidentally dropped one seed. They're so small that it's hard to find on the laboratory floor. It was the B seed in pot #5 (vortexed with just seeds). We went without it because we are not provided with extra seeds.
That's ok, this happens *all the time* in experimental biology. You just try to do your best to do things right, then if something goes wrong, you adapt. The most important thing to do is keep track of everything like you have here. Good work!
So... when we're collecting our data, do we just average the 11 seeds in the B group and the 12 seeds in everything else, or do we discount all of the seeds in pot 5 and only take the data for 11 seeds in each group?
I'm not an expert, but I think we should just take the average and leave n/a for the missing seed in the data table. Just because we have one piece of data missing, I don't think we should take away two other pieces of data, too.
Correct Emily, it would be a shame to miss out on the data from that whole canister just because of one missing data point. :-)
Technically, the analysis for a randomized complete block like you have is more challenging than just averaging over all canisters or "blocks" by treatment. However, unless you've taken some statistics, this may be beyond what Mr. Roche would want me to try and explain through PlantingScience. If you're curious, though, I can do my best to try and explain the more correct--and challenging--approach to analyzing your data. :-)
Ms. Archmiller,
Annie and I somewhat set up the time-lapse camera on Tuesday. We didn't start filming until we actually planted, but we set the camera to take an image of our plants every 30 minutes. Mr. Roche said that this would probably be enough to see germination/sprouting down to the hour. Our team members aren't exactly experts on plants, though, so with Wisconsin Fast Plants, would one picture every 30 minutes be too frequent or not frequent enough? (Not sure if we'd be able to change it now, though.)
Half an hour should be just fine. Let's hope it worked! :-)
Ms. Archmiller,
We didn't/can't water the plants over the weekend. Will this affect the experiment?
I don't think so, the soil is still probably plenty moist to last the weekend. But I am glad that you all are so considerate of all the things that might affect your experiment!
Our seeds have not yet sprouted as of today (10/28), which means that they will probably sprout over the weekend. We had some trouble setting up time-lapse camera, and we are not positive if it is working or not. If it does not, we can change our dependent variable from rate of sprouting to rate of growth, I believe. We are putting a lot of water into the container that the film canisters are in to soak the wicks over the weekend because we do not want the plants to dry up.
Thank you so much for the updates! The pictures are nice to see and it sounds like you've been busy and are right on track! Let me know when you start to see plants sprouting.
I uploaded some pictures, including the ones that didn't work last time. The ones labeled 1020 were taken on 10/20. They were before we started planting. The one labeled 1025 was taken on 10/25. It was taken when we inserted the skewers to the soil and were about to plant. We will upload a picture of our entire set up as of right now.
Hi Ms. Archmiller,
On Tuesday, 10/25, several of us went to the research lab during lunch to set up the time lapse camera on the tripod and soil. We put in skewers marked in sharpie with five intervals every centimeter in the middle of each film canister. Unfortunately, we ran out of time and did not get to vortex the seeds and plant them.
The next day, 10/28, we did end up planting.
(continuing with Annie)
On Wednesday, 10/26, we planted the seeds. Note: we were given 36 fast plant seeds. First, we vortexed 12 seeds alone for 1 minute. Next we vortexed another 12 seeds with laboratory sand for 1 minute.
The remaining 12 seeds were planted in the in pots (each in the "A" position). We put the seeds that were just vortexed together in the "B" position, which is one spot clockwise from A. Then the seeds vortexed together with sand were placed in the "C" position, which is two spots clockwise from A.
We put top soil over all the pots watered them.
Please ignore the update that says "uploaded experiment_setup_sketch.pdf" in project files," the ones that ends with "_group.pdf" is the one that is in the "files" category. We will have 12 film canisters with 1 plant from each group in each of them, for a total of 36 plants. The canisters will be evenly spaced on a turntable. The turntable will be rotated 30 degrees once a day.
A question: On the film canisters, Group A is marked; should we also mark groups B and C?
Looks good! I would certainly mark each seed treatment. Otherwise, this looks good.
If we rotate them every day, we'll have to leave them to sit in the same position for two days on the weekend. Should we change the days between rotations, then, or just let it sit over the weekends? If we do make the rotation intervals longer, we should make sure there is enough time for us to rotate it at least three times. Ms. ArchMiller, do you know about how long the Wisconsin fast plants normally take to sprout?
(Also, Mary, I think you meant 120 degrees for each canister.)
I am not sure about Wisconsin fast plants. This is something that you might be able to find online or ask your teacher. I am happy to see you all thinking about these different issues!
On Thursday during class, we filled 12 film canisters with soil and water to prepare for planting. The canisters had wicks, so first we soaked them in water. Next, using an empty canister we filled the soil up to the same spot and poured it into one of the 12 canisters we would be using. We packed down the soil to approximately the same height (Mr. Roche said that it wasn't worth our time to measure out the mass and the exact height for each canister). Then we filled the canister with water until it reached the top. We repeated this process for the 12 canisters.
Sounds great. Good luck planting today!
Here is an image of the 12 canisters in water to soak the wicks:
Here is an image of the finished 12 canisters at the end of class (we put in soil and topped each canister with water):
Hmm, these links don't work for me...
A suggestion: We should put a piece of paper under our canisters, trace their locations, and mark the locations of A on the first day. That way, we can make sure that we don't accidentally rotate any of them twice. If necessary, we can take the remainder of the day number when divided by three and use that to determine which position the canister should be in.
Wait... what do you mean by that? Why would marking the locations of A make sure that none of them are rotated? Should we instead stagger the orientation so that the seeds facing a certain direction cycle (A, B, C, A, B, C, A, ...) so that we always know if we've rotated the canisters exactly once?
When are you planning to plant?
A few thoughts:
a) Planting the seeds. You want to make sure that you can actually say that any changes to germination are due to the seed treatment rather than planting conditions. To do this, I recommend a "randomized complete block" set-up (see uploaded planting_diagramPDF). You simply get four containers (the "blocks") and put one seed from each treatment in each container--randomly placed within the container. Then, whatever light source you use may have some "better" areas than others, but you should move the containers around each day or 2 days so that each container gets the "better" light conditions at some point.
b) Planting depth.
- Put the same volume or mass of soil into each pot.
- If you have to pack the soil, try to do it the same in each pot.
- Use a pencil or dowel with a mark on it to push holes into the soil that are all at the same depth from the top of the soil.
- Put the seeds in those holes, then lightly flatten the top of the soil over the seeds.
c) Watering, just use the same volume of water per container and try as best as you can to evenly spread it out. Because you're planting them in randomized complete blocks, the effects of the treatment can still be identified if they're more significant than uneven watering.
d) I don't think you should worry about rooting space, since you're not testing for anything after the plants get very big. I think you're just testing for first plant emergence from the soil and for the plants to get to a certain height. That means the plants shouldn't have to get root bound.
Let me know if you have any questions about anything else!
Hi Ms. Archmiller,
Thank you so much for your suggestions! Mr. Roche was thrilled that you shared the randomized complete block system.
a) We decided to use the randomized system using 12 film canisters, planting three seeds (one seed from each treatment) in clockwise order. We can change the orientation of the film canister to make the treatment randomized. We can also line the 12 canisters in a circle, and then rotate it every couple of days. (We will attach a drawing with a representation of this system.)
b) Hi Ms. Archmiller, how will we make sure that there is the same volume/mass of soil in each pot? Does that mean that we should use a mass scale to ensure that each pot gets the same amount of soil?
Also, do you think that packing the soil would be a good idea? After all, since un-packed soil would come in all different densities, that might affect the growth/germination of the plant. If we pack the soil, how would we pack it (with what)?
I've never planted stuff before, so to everyone- how deep do you think we should plant the seeds beneath the soil? Would 1 cm or 1 inch be enough/too much?
The experimental design sounds great!
I would put the pot on a scale, tare it (which resets it back to zero) and then add some amount of soil to a set weight. You might want to fill the first one, record the weight and then fill the rest to the same weight. Then, to try to make the densities similar, if they have the same volume and you lightly pack (with fingers) them to the same height in the container, then the average density will be consistent throughout the soil. This is because density is mass/volume. If you set the mass using the scale to be the same and try to keep the volume the same in each container by lightly packing them to the same height in the container, then the density should be equal too!
I would ask Mr. Roche if the seeds come with planting guidelines. Seed depth is usually specific to the seed types, and so I imagine that the seeds come with some advice for planting. You could also try to find some planting guidelines for Wisconsin Fast Seeds on the internet.
A more official update on what we have planned to do so far.
We will be doing three groups of seeds (each having 12). The first group (the control group) will not be vortexed. The second group (experimental group) will have seeds vortexed together. The third group (also experimental) will be seeds with sand vortexed together.
We will make sure the seeds are grown at the same depth. Most likely, those in the same group will be grown in the same pot.
To everyone - We should decide which type of soil (or combination of several types) to plant in, as well as the amount of water to water each pot with. For the water: I think that if we plant all of the seeds in one group in a single pot, it will be difficult to evenly water all of the plants. In addition, the amount of light exposure should also be made a constant. In regards to the light exposure, should we use artificial lighting so that we can keep the light constant for every day, or should we just place all of the pots by the window to receive natural sunlight? Thanks.
If we do put all of our plants in one pot, it has to be not only wide enough for all the plants to fit but also deep enough for there to be space for their roots. Unless we drill holes in the bottom of it to let the roots grow through and submerge it in water, which would also solve our watering problem. It's just a thought; I don't know whether it would work. What are your thoughts?